Volcano

The VolcanoPlanner is the default planner of Calcite. It's a CBO (Cost Based Optimizer) - It apply a set of rules to minimize the cost of executing a query.

It applies the rules iteratively, selecting the plan with the lowest cost on each iteration.

cost are provided by the relational expression

The optimization stops when the cost does not significantly improve after a number of iteration.

The Relational operators by default are logical operators (ie they don't have a specific implementation) Because the volcano operator is cost based, all logical operators must be converted to physical operators to calculate an estimated cost.

Each physical operator in Calcite has a calling convention which specifies how the query will actually be executed.

Hep

HepPlanner is a heuristic optimizer similar to Spark Optimizer.

• The HepPlanner applies a given set of rules until they no longer apply.
• It applies all matching rules until none can be applied
• An heuristic optimization is a faster optimization than cost-based optimization
• Risk of infinite recursion if the rules makes a change that they match.