Hive variables are variables that can be set at the session level and referenced in Hive commands or queries.
${VAR}
Example with SQL - SQLLine (SQL at the command line) and a URL
sqlline -u "jdbc:hive2://HiveServer/db;#foo=bar"
select '${foo}';
+-----+
| bar |
+-----+
| bar |
+-----+
1 row selected (0.368 seconds)