Dos - For Statement

About

The for statement:

• runs a specified command for each file in a set of files
• runs a specified command for each directory in a set of directory
• parses files, string or output of command
• can create sequence_of_number

To get more information on this statement, just type in a command dos:

help for

Variable

Mode

• %variable is used in on-line mode
• %%variable is used in (batch|script) mode

Syntax Enhancement

To understand the syntax enhancement, you must understand the FOR loop constructs. This why they are at the end of this page: see variable_enhancement

Type For

File Set

Syntax

FOR [/R path] (% of %%)variable IN (set) DO command [command-parameters]

where:

• the /R option indicates if you want to recursively walk the directory tree from the path parameter (default: current directory)
• % and %% indicates that we are in presence of a variable
  • % is used in on-line mode
  • %% is used in batch mode
• variable is a single letter variable
• set is a file set data definition (not the set function of variable). You can use the ster wildcard and use a set definiton. To get all doc and txt files, you will define (set) as:

(*.doc *.txt )

• command
• command-parameters: specifies parameters or switches for the specified command.

Example

List all files in one directory

:: In the command line
for %v in (*.bat) do echo %v
:: In a DOS Script
for %%v in (*.bat) do echo %%v

where:

• v is the variable
• *.bat is the set of all file with a bat extions file

Example of output:

start.bat
Hello.bat

List all files in the directory tree

Current directory = C:\Users\gerard

:: In the command line
for /R %v in (*.bat) do echo %v
:: In a DOS Script
for /R %%v in (*.bat) do echo %%v
:: Is the same that
for /R C:\Users\gerard %%v in (*.bat) do echo %%v

C:\Users\gerard\AppData\Local\Temp\cleanup_bootstrap.bat
C:\Users\gerard\AppData\Local\Temp\env.bat
C:\Users\gerard\AppData\Local\Temp\startup.bat
C:\Users\gerard\AppData\Local\Temp\update_acls1.bat
C:\Users\gerard\AppData\Local\Temp\update_acls2.bat
..........

Directory Set

Syntax

FOR /D (%|%%)variable IN (set) DO command [command-parameters]

where:

• % and indicates that we are in presence of a variable * % is used in on-line mode * is used in batch mode
• variable is a single letter variable
• set is a directory set data definition (not the set function of variable). You can use the star wildcard and use a set definition. To get all directory which start with Doc and , you will define (set) as:

(App* Pic*)

• command
• command-parameters: specifies parameters or switches for the specified command.

Example

:: In the command line
FOR /D %v IN (App* Pic*) DO echo %v
:: In a DOS Script
FOR /D %%v IN (App* Pic*) DO echo %%v

where:

• v is the variable
• (App* Pic*) is the set of directory that start with App and Pic

Example of output from the User Home:

AppData
Pictures

Sequence of number

Syntax

FOR /L (%|%%)variable IN (start,step,end) DO command [command-parameters]

where:

• /L indicate a number for loop
• start indicates the first number of the sequence
• end indicates the last number of the sequence
• step indicate the number of number to jump

Example

The set is a sequence of numbers from start to end, by step amount.

FOR /L %v IN (3,3,15) DO echo %v

Output:

3
6
9
12
15

(File|Text|Command Output) Parsing

for parsing with the /F switch, see DOS - Parsing (File, Command, Variable) - FOR F option

Variable Enhancement

Syntax

%~mI

where:

• %~
• m is a modifier (They are not case sensitive)
• I is valid FOR variable

List of modifiers

List of syntax enhancement with example:

No Modifiers: removing any surrounding quotes

%~I expands %I removing any surrounding quotes (“)

f: fully qualified path name

%~fI expands %I to a fully qualified path name

for %I in (.) do @echo %~fI

c:\Users\gerard

d: Drive letter only

%~dI expands %I to a drive letter only

for %I in (.) do @echo %~dI

c:

p: Path only

%~pI - expands %I to a path only

for %I in (.) do @echo %~pI

\Users\

n: file name only

%~nI expands %I to a file name only

for %I in (.) do @echo %~nI

gerard

x: file extension only

%~xI expands %I to a file extension only

for %I in (temp.xml) do @echo %~xI

.xml

s: short names only

%~sI expanded path contains short names only. Example from C:\Program Files

for %I in (.) do @echo %~sI

C:\PROGRA~1

a: file attributes of file

%~aI expands %I to file attributes of file

for %I in (.) do @echo %~aI

d--------

t: date/time of file

%~tI expands %I to date/time of file

for %I in (.) do @echo %~tI

2013-10-08 12:01

z: size of file

%~zI expands %I to size of file

for %I in (.) do @echo %~tI

28672

PATH: Search file in directories

%~PATH:I searches the directories listed in the PATH environment variable and expands %I to the fully qualified name of the first one found. If the environment variable name is not defined or the file is not found by the search, then this modifier expands to the empty string. Example: Where can I find SQLPLUS.exe

for %I in (sqlplus.exe) do @echo %~$PATH:I

C:\app\gerard\product\12.1.0\dbhome_1\BIN\sqlplus.exe

Modifiers Combination

The modifiers can be combined to get compound results:

• %~dpI - expands %I to a drive letter and path only
• %~nxI - expands %I to a file name and extension only
• %~fsI - expands %I to a full path name with short names only
• %~dpPATH:I - searches the directories listed in the PATH environment variable for %I and expands to the drive letter and path of the first one found.
• %~ftzaI - expands %I to a DIR like output line

Support

%% was unexpected at this time

See variable