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Data in the context of Ggplot refers to the (source) data of the data frame.

The aesthetic method maps:

• the data from the data frame (data)
• to the data of the plot (an aesthetic).

See Ggplot - (aes|aesthetic) (plot parameter definition)

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Default

Data usually stay the same on a plot, you can store the default data frame with the below command:

ggplot(data)