This page is about applications that implements a protocol to transfer/transport data:
This functionality is also known as remote file access as opposed to local file access) (local data transport) (see also I/O - (Input/Output|Read/Write) - Data Access)
An application is in this context defined as responsible for displaying received information to the user.
You can transfer/transport message that will become:
You generally locate the remote resource (file) with the URL syntax
All these applications are in the application protocol level (layer 4) of the OSI model.
Not to confound with the transport layer (layer 3) TCP/UDP of the OSI model that is only focused on the transport of raw bit data (no data format, no security, …). Ie TCP/UDP.
This list is non-exhaustive
For streaming audio, video:
For Transfer time, see Network - Latency Calculation (Transfer time)