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An ODBC driver is just a shared library that implements the ODBC API that provides a common set of function to be able to connect to a data source.
You can then for instance on Linux:
- try to load them: dltest /path/to/driverFile.so
- see their dependency: ldd /path/to/driverFile.so
- …
ODBC drivers are available for most of the databases:
- Oracle,
- SQL Server,
- Sybase,
- DB2 etc.
Each type of database has a different ODBC driver.