Code - Grammar / Syntax (Lexical)

About

This section regroups the entity of a computer language from a lexical point of view. It's the same as Parts of the speech for a natural language.

Grammars are useful models when designing software that processes data with a recursive structure.

To see how a grammar is defined to be able to parse it in a compiler. See Language - (Grammar | Syntax | Lexicon)

Every language displays a structure called its grammar or syntax.

The Grammar is also known as:

Formal Grammar (formal meaning with structure)
The Syntax
The Language structure
The lexicon (The input file of the lexer)

The syntax of a computer language is the set of rules that defines the combinations of symbols (text or visual) that are considered to be a correctly structured document or fragment in that language.

A syntax does not only define the set of sentences of a language, but also provides them with a structure.

The syntax describing the form (the structure) has to be contrasted with the semantics (the meaning). See Code - Semantic (Meaning|Behaviour)

Structure / Building Block / Construct

Programs are just collections of statements. A statement are made up of one or more token that performs a specific task. This statement tokens made one or more expressions.

The following expressions are the basis building block of any language:

variables to store data (aka state) during your program’s execution.
types to defined the type of actions on your value (like math on numbers or output with strings)
conditionals flow like if statements to make decisions.
loops to repeat tasks until a condition stops being true.
functions or class to organize your code into logical and reusable chunks.
operators to perform basic known operation on value.
comment to document the code.

The definition on how you write of all this building block is called a grammar.

Others constructs common to many languages