What are short status ?

About

short status is a one letter that summarize the file status

List

Added (A),
Copied (C),
Deleted (D),
Modified (M),
Renamed (R),
have their type (i.e. regular file, symlink, submodule, …) changed (T),
are Unmerged (U),
are Unknown (X),
or have had their pairing Broken (B)

Usage

With the status command

git status -s

With the diff-index command (only the status A and M)

git diff-index --diff-filter=AM --name-only  HEAD