How to run a docker image with example to create a container?

About

The run command creates:

a container
from an image
running the docker host
and calls the entrypoint script
with the cmd values as arguments

This command is called the first time for the container creation. You will call start the next time to start it.

Example

HelloWorld: What does the run command do?

docker run hello-world

Hello from Docker!

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:

The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
The Docker daemon pulled the “hello-world” image from the Docker Hub repository.
The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it to your terminal.

Launching bash inside a container

docker run -t -i ubuntu /bin/bash

root@af8bae53bdd3:/#

Starting a command inside a container

docker run ubuntu /bin/echo 'Hello world'

where:

docker run launches a container. Docker containers only run as long as the command you specify is active. Therefore, in the above example, the container stops once the command is executed.
ubuntu is the image you run, for example the Ubuntu operating system image. Docker creates a new Ubuntu environment. When you specify an image, Docker looks first for the image on your Docker host. If the image does not exist locally, then the image is pulled from the public image registry Docker Hub.
/bin/echo 'Hello World' is the command to run inside the new container.

Starting a background container

The container will run in the background giving you back the terminal prompt.

docker run -d ubuntu /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done"

The output is the container ID. It uniquely identifies a container.

3e3a1ac2c76e447542b99de6db704629e414a674301c520687a7dc13a841746d

The docker ps command queries the Docker daemon for information about all the containers it knows about

docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
3e3a1ac2c76e        ubuntu              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"   39 seconds ago      Up 39 seconds                           jolly_panini

where:

3e3a1ac2c76e is the container id
unbutu is the image.
jolly_panini is the container assigned name

Starting when docker starts

You can apply policies ¹⁾ to start container automatically when the docker application starts.

With the run command. If the container is stopped, it will not restart anymore

docker run -d --restart unless-stopped containerName

You can disable it with the update command

docker update --restart no containerName

Syntax

Create a container and start it

docker run -t -i -d -P \\
   --name containerName \\
   --rm \\ # To remove the created container (handy)
   -v "$(pwd)"/hostPath:/dockerContainerPath \
   image \\
   command

docker run -t -i -d -P \\
   --name containerName \\
   --rm \\ # To remove the created container (handy)
   -v ${PWD}\hostPath:/dockerContainerPath \
   image \\
   command

docker run -t -i -d -P \\
   --name containerName \\
   --rm \\ # To remove the created container (handy)
   -v %CD%\hostPath:/dockerContainerPath \
   image \\
   command

where:

-t flag assigns a pseudo-tty or terminal inside the new container.
-i flag allows you to make an interactive connection by grabbing the standard input (STDIN) of the container.
-d flag runs the container in the background (to daemonize it).
-P maps any required network ports inside the container to your host. It's is a shortcut for -p 5000 that maps port 5000 inside the container to a high port (from ephemeral port range which typically ranges from 32768 to 61000) on the local Docker host.
-p 80:5000 would map port 5000 inside your container to port 80 on your local host. See also Docker - Port
--rm: Automatically remove the container created
--name the container name
-v Bind mount a volume
image is the image you run, for example the Ubuntu operating system image. Docker creates a new Ubuntu environment. When you specify an image, Docker looks first for the image on your Docker host. If the image does not exist locally, then the image is pulled from the public image registry Docker Hub.
command is the command to run inside the new container.

Support

docker: An error occurred trying to connect

When trying to run a container, you may get this error in a shell:

docker: An error occurred trying to connect: Post http://%2F%2F.%2Fpipe%2Fdocker_engine/v1.24/containers/create: open //./pipe/docker_engine: The system cannot find the file specified..
See 'docker run --help'.

This is due to Docker OS environment not set.

To resolve this problem,

start your command from the Docker Quickstart terminal
or run the following or set the environment variable. For instance for Windows DOS:

@FOR /f "tokens=*" %i IN ('docker-machine env default') DO @%i

the input device is not a TTY. If you are using mintty, try prefixing the command with 'winpty'

the input device is not a TTY.  If you are using mintty, try prefixing the command with 'winpty'

When running docker as cron job or programmatically, don't use the interactive option -it

Documentation / Reference

https://docs.docker.com/engine/tutorials/dockerizing/

¹⁾

https://docs.docker.com/config/containers/start-containers-automatically/