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When you increase the disk capacity of a VMWare virtual machine, you need to perform some operation to add this capacity to the file system.
The basic installation of Oracle Entreprise Linux use Linux Logical Volume Manager to configure the storage management.
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Prerequisite
Basic knowledge of:
Steps
Type of storage
New Disk
[root@di-obia-01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 65270.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-65270, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-65270, default 65270):
Using default value 65270
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 536.8 GB, 536870912000 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 65270 524281243+ 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
Disk Storage Augmentation
Do not attempt to create a partition on a device that is in use.
Before creating a partition, boot into rescue mode (or you can also unmount any partitions on the device and turn off any swap space on the device).
Start parted, where /dev/sda is the disk on which to create the partition:
- use the print command to get information on the file system
- and create the partition with mkpart (or fdisk)
[root@ebs121 ~]# parted /dev/sda
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 376GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 32.3kB 107MB 107MB primary ext3 boot
2 107MB 21.5GB 21.4GB primary lvm
(parted) mkpart primary 21.5GB 376GB
(parted) print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 376GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 32.3kB 107MB 107MB primary ext3 boot
2 107MB 21.5GB 21.4GB primary lvm
3 21.5GB 376GB 354GB primary
Add the partition to the current logical volume
Create the physical volume
[root@ebs121 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 375.8 GB, 375809638400 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 45689 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 14 2610 20860402+ 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 2611 45689 346032067+ 83 Linux
[root@ebs121 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created
The partition must be a primary partition and not an extended
Extend the Volume Group
[root@ebs121 ~]# vgextend VolGroup00 /dev/sda3
Volume group "VolGroup00" successfully extended
[root@ebs121 ~]# vgdisplay VolGroup00
--- Volume group ---
VG Name VolGroup00
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 349.88 GB
PE Size 32.00 MB
Total PE 11196
Alloc PE / Size 636 / 19.88 GB
Free PE / Size 10560 / 330.00 GB
VG UUID ZWF1oZ-SxTf-08EL-KhYO-C7nf-L22q-ZgUuZO
Extend the logical volumne
[root@ebs121 ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00
VG Name VolGroup00
LV UUID B0EwV0-5XTH-1GLF-LTW2-8q9q-3Ou0-rsggEM
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 17.94 GB
Current LE 574
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01
VG Name VolGroup00
LV UUID CL7Kz2-pyWf-9xtB-1VnG-JZ1n-m4u7-xHEmLA
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 1.94 GB
Current LE 62
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
[root@ebs121 ~ ]# lvextend -L+330G /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00
Extending logical volume LogVol00 to 347.94 GB
Logical volume LogVol00 successfully resized
Exploit the additional storage
Once a logical volume has been extended, the underlying file system can be expanded to exploit the additional storage now available on the LV.
[root@ebs121 ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
18219452 11465604 5813408 67% /
/dev/sda1 101086 11940 83927 13% /boot
tmpfs 1521384 0 1521384 0% /dev/shm
[root@ebs121 ~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
resize2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 to 91209728 (4k) blocks.
[root@ebs121 ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
353445220 11490496 323720280 4% /
/dev/sda1 101086 11940 83927 13% /boot
tmpfs 1521384 0 1521384 0% /dev/shm